Perl 6 Questions and further information

This is following a recent Perl 6 seminar I gave.

Perl 5 style is still supported.

Named parameters go into %_
Unnamed parameters go into @_

Subroutines can be predefined with:

sub foo {…}

… is known as the "yadayadayada" operator.

Lexically scoped subroutines:

my sub mysub () is context { …}

Optional parameters: ? now comes after the parameter name.

sub mysub ($value, @harry, %ash, $opt?) {…} 

Named parameters: prefix is now : , instead of + and are optional unless they have a ! suffix.

sub named ($value, :@harry!, :%ash, :$other) {…}

...

named(42, other = 'fred', harry = @files);

Slurpy parameters, like perl 5 lists and arrays, are prefixed *

C style prototypes
Are not supported. It appears that when a subroutine is called before it is defined the parameter resolution still works correctly. However a runtime error is reported, not a compile time error (as it would with Perl 5 prototypes).

Dynamic types
These are called "traits". See Synopsis 12: Objects.

Zip operator
Has changed, it is now 'Z'. Behaviour with different length arrays has also changed between pugs and Rakudo, the result uses the shortest:

my @array = qw(The quick brown fox);
my @brray = qw(Now is the time for all);

my @all = @array Z @brray;
say @all.elems();
say @all[];

@all = @brray Z @array;
say @all.elems();
say @all[];

Gives:

8
TheNowquickisbrownthefoxtime
8
NowTheisquickthebrowntimefox

Important further change

When testing these changes in Rakudo I ran up against a change I had almost forgotten. When calling a subroutine, no whitespace is allowed between the sub name and the open parentheses. That slowed me up until I remembered. A backward step IMHO.